Low-Temperature Characterization of Lithium-Ion Carbon Anodes via Microperturbation Measurement
نویسندگان
چکیده
The low-temperature performance limits of Johnson Matthey ~JM! 287 graphite and mesocarbon microbead ~MCMB! 6-10 coke were investigated using galvanostatic intermittent titration ~GITT! and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The poor lowtemperature (230°C) performance of graphite insertion anodes results from a low lithium insertion capacity because polarization or overpotential is higher than the stage transformation plateau potential. This results in a shorter plateau potential region containing the lithium-rich stages, e.g., Li0.33C6 , Li0.5C6 , and Li1C6 . Overall, there is an incomplete transformation from Li-poor to Li-rich stages when the cutoff potential is limited to 0.0 V ~vs. Li/Li! to avoid metallic lithium deposition. The good low-temperature performance of MCMB 6-10 coke is attributed to the smooth change of equilibrium Li content as a function of potential. The high polarization only decreases Li insertion capacity by a small percentage. At room temperature, stage transformation is the rate-controlling step of electrochemical Li insertion-extraction kinetics for JM 287 graphite. However, at 230°C the resistance of solid electrolyte interphase film increases by a factor of over 27, and becomes limiting. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. @DOI: 10.1149/1.1474427# All rights reserved.
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